Difference between revisions of "Hydroxymethyglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS)"

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(Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |+ List of Km values for Acetyl-CoA in HMGS reaction ! Value ! SD or SEM ! Unit ! Weight ! Where did I get that? ! Notes ! Reference |- | 43 | NaN | μM...")
 
(→‎Forward Kcat for HMGS)
 
(25 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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You can go back to main page of the kinetic model [http://www.systemsbiology.ls.manchester.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/Kinetic_Model_of_Monoterpenoid_Biosynthesis_Wiki '''here'''].
 +
 +
Hydroxymethyl-glutaryl synthase (HMGS, EC 2.3.3.10 ) is not native to ''E. coli'' and a heterologous HMGS gene from ''S. cerevisiae'' was engineered into the cell <ref name="AlonsoGutierrez2013">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109671761300058X Alonso-Gutierrez, J., et al.](2013). "Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for limonene and perillyl alcohol production." Metabolic Engineering 19: 33-41.</ref>.
 +
 +
:<math>
 +
 +
AcetylCoA + AcetoacetylCoA \rightleftharpoons HMGcoA + coA
 +
 +
</math>
 +
 +
 +
= HMGS Parameter Values =
 +
 +
HMGS is modelled using Bi-Bi Michaelis-Menten rate law as shown below:
 +
 +
 +
:<math>
 +
 +
V_\mathrm{HMGS} =  Kcat_\mathrm{forward} * [HMGS] * \cfrac {\left ( \cfrac{[AcetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetylcoA}} * \cfrac {[AcetoacetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetoacetylcoA}} \right ) * \left ( 1 - \cfrac {[HMGcoA]*[coA]}{[AcetylcoA]*[AcetoacetylcoA]*K_\mathrm{eq}} \right )}
 +
{ \left (1 + \cfrac {[AcetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetylcoA}} + \cfrac {[coA]}{Km_\mathrm{coA}} \right )  + \left ( 1+ \cfrac {[AcetoacetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetoacetylcoA}}  + \cfrac {[HMGcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{HMGcoA}} \right ) }
 +
 +
</math>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
== Km for Acetyl-CoA ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+ List of Km values for Acetyl-CoA in HMGS reaction  
 
|+ List of Km values for Acetyl-CoA in HMGS reaction  
Line 9: Line 36:
 
! Reference
 
! Reference
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 43
+
| style="width: 5%;" |43
−
| NaN
+
| style="width: 5%;" |NaN
−
| μM
+
| style="width: 5%;" |μM
−
| 8
+
| style="width: 5%;" |8
−
| style="width: 30%;" |picture
+
| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Nagegowda_2014_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
−
| style="width: 20%;"Gene from Brassica juncea (indian mustard) and expressed in E. coli. pH 8.5, 35°C.
+
| style="width: 10%;"|Gene from Brassica juncea (indian mustard) and expressed in E. coli. pH 8.5, 35°C.
−
| Nagegowda (2014)
+
| style="width: 5%;" |<ref name=Nagegowda2014>Nagegowda, D. A., et al. (2004). "Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase 1: expression and characterization of recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes." Biochem. J. 383: 517-527.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 14
 
| 14
Line 21: Line 48:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 64
 
| 64
−
|  
+
| [[File:Middleton_1972_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| pH 8.0; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 
| pH 8.0; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
−
| Middleton (1972)
+
| <ref name=Middleton1972>Middleton, B. (1972). "The kinetic mechanism of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Synthase from baker's yeast." Biochem. J. 126: 35-47.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 18
 
| 18
Line 29: Line 56:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 64
 
| 64
−
|  
+
| [[File:Middleton_1972_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| pH 8.9; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 
| pH 8.9; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
−
| Middleton (1972)
+
|<ref name=Middleton1972 />
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 15.3
 
| 15.3
Line 37: Line 64:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 64
 
| 64
−
|  
+
| [[File:Cabano_1997_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
−
| pH 8.5, 30C, 2 cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase genes from Blatella germanica (cockroach), HMGS-1 and HMGs-2 described, HMGS-1 cloned in expression vector pSBLA1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 pLys S; intronless gene, encodes for an active enzyme able to complement , eukaryotic Mev-1 cells. Measured at 30°C, initiated by adding 0.2-0.6 microgram of protein, final volume 400 microlitre, pH 7.0- 8.5.
+
| pH 8.5, 30C, 2 cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase genes from ''Blatella germanica'' (cockroach), HMGS-1 and HMGS-2 described, HMGS-1 cloned in expression vector pSBLA1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 pLys S; intronless gene, encodes for an active enzyme able to complement , eukaryotic Mev-1 cells. Measured at 30°C, initiated by adding 0.2-0.6 microgram of protein, final volume 400 microlitre, pH 7.0- 8.5.
−
| Cabana (1997)
+
| <ref name=Cabano1997>Cabano, J., et al. (1997). "Catalytic properties of recombinant 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A synthase-1 from Blatella Germanica." Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 27(6): 499-505.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 50
 
| 50
Line 45: Line 72:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 16
 
| 16
−
|  
+
| [[File:Reed_1975_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| from chicken liver, pH 8.2, 30C, measured using spectrophometric assay.
 
| from chicken liver, pH 8.2, 30C, measured using spectrophometric assay.
−
| Reed (1975)
+
| <ref name=Reed1975>Reed, W. D. and M. D. Lane (1975). "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase from chicken liver." Methods in Enzymology 35: 155-160.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 50
 
| 50
Line 53: Line 80:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 16
 
| 16
−
|  
+
| [[File:VanNice_2013_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| Gene from H. volcanii, expressed in H. volcanii. pH 8.0, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SEM.
 
| Gene from H. volcanii, expressed in H. volcanii. pH 8.0, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SEM.
−
| VanNice (2013)
+
|<ref name=VanNice2013>VanNice, J. C., et al. (2013). "Expression in Haloferax volcanii of 3-Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A synthase facilitates isolation and characterization of the active form of a key enzyme required for polyisoprenoid cell membrane biosynthesis in halophilic archaea." Journal of Bacteriology 195(17): 3854-3862.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 270
 
| 270
Line 61: Line 88:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 16
 
| 16
−
|  
+
| [[File:Misra_1993_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| Gene from Avian liver, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30°C
 
| Gene from Avian liver, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30°C
−
| Misra(1993)
+
| <ref name=Misra1993>Misra, I., et al. (1993). "Avian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 288(16): 12129-12135.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 290
 
| 290
Line 69: Line 96:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 16
 
| 16
−
|  
+
| [[File:Chun_2000_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| gene from E. coli, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SE.
 
| gene from E. coli, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SE.
−
| Chun (2000)
+
| <ref name=Chun2000>Chun, K. Y., et al. (2000). "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryk-CoA synthase: participation of invariant acidic residues in formation of the acetyl-S-enzyme reaction intermediate." Biochemistry 39: 14670-14681.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 294
 
| 294
Line 77: Line 104:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 16
 
| 16
−
|  
+
| [[File:Misra_1996_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| avian enzyme;wildtype and mutants; expression vector pET-3d, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), pH 8.2, temperature not mentioned.
 
| avian enzyme;wildtype and mutants; expression vector pET-3d, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), pH 8.2, temperature not mentioned.
−
| Misra (1996)
+
| <ref name=Misra1996>Misra, I. and H. M. Miziorko (1996). "Evidence for the interaction of avian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase histidine 264 with acetoacetyl-CoA." Biochemistry 35: 9610-9616.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 350
 
| 350
Line 85: Line 112:
 
| μM
 
| μM
 
| 4
 
| 4
−
|  
+
| [[File:Sutherlin_2002_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 
| Gene from E. faecalis, expressed in E. coli, pH 9.8, 37C.
 
| Gene from E. faecalis, expressed in E. coli, pH 9.8, 37C.
−
| Sutherlin (2002)
+
| <ref name=Sutherlin2002>Sutherlin, A., et al. (2002). "Enterococcus faecalis 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, an enzyme of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 184(15): 4065-4070.</ref>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Km for Acetoacetyl-CoA ==
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+ List of Km values for Acetoacetyl-CoA
 +
! Value
 +
! SD or SEM
 +
! Unit
 +
! Weight
 +
! Where did I get that?
 +
! Notes
 +
! Reference
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |0.35
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |NaN
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |μM
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |4
 +
| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Menahan_1981_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| style="width: 10%;" |Gene from Gallus gallus, assay pH 8.2, 20°C.
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |<ref name=Menahan1981>Menahan, L. A., et al. (1981). "Interrelationships between 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, acetoacetyl-COA and ketogenesis." Eur. J. Biochem. 119: 287-294.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 0.4
 +
| NaN
 +
| μM
 +
| 64
 +
| [[File:Middleton_1972_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| pH 8.0; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, kinetics measured at different pHs. Uncertainty measurement not mentioned.
 +
| <ref name=Middleton1972 />
 +
|-
 +
| 3.2
 +
| NaN
 +
| μM
 +
| 64
 +
| [[File:Middleton_1972_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| pH 8.9; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, kinetics measured at different pHs. Uncertainty measurement not mentioned.
 +
| <ref name=Middleton1972 />
 +
|-
 +
| 0.5
 +
| NaN
 +
| μM
 +
| 16
 +
| [[File:Cabano_1997_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| pH 8.5, 30C, 2 cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase genes from Blatella germanica, HMGS-1 and HMGs-2 described, HMGS-1 cloned in expression vector pSBLA1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 pLys S; intronless gene, encodes for an active enzyme able to complement , eukaryotic Mev-1 cells. Measured at 30°C, initiated by adding 0.2-0.6 microgram of protein, final volume 400 microlitre, pH 7.0- 8.5.
 +
| <ref name=Cabano1997 />
 +
|-
 +
| 0.85
 +
| naN
 +
| μM
 +
| 4
 +
| [[File:Misra_1996_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| Avian enzyme. wildtype and mutants; expression vector pET-3d, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), pH 8.2, temperature not mentioned.
 +
|  <ref name=Misra1996 />
 +
|-
 +
| 1.19
 +
| 0.12
 +
| μM
 +
| 16
 +
| [[File:Chun_2000_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| Gene from E. coli, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30°C
 +
| <ref name=Chun2000 />
 +
|-
 +
| 1.4
 +
| 0.2
 +
| μM
 +
| 16
 +
| [[File:VanNice_2013_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| Gene from ''H. volcanii'', expressed in ''H. volcanii''. pH 8.0, 30°C
 +
| <ref name=VanNice2013 />
 +
|-
 +
| 10
 +
| NaN
 +
| μM
 +
| 4
 +
| [[File:Sutherlin_2002_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| Gene from ''E. faecalis'', expressed in ''E. coli'', pH 9.8, 37C.
 +
| <ref name=Sutherlin2002 />
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Forward Kcat for HMGS ==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+ List of forward Kcat values for HMGS
 +
! Value
 +
! SD or SEM
 +
! Weight
 +
! Unit
 +
! Where did I get that?
 +
! Notes
 +
! References
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 5%;" | 24.9
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |NaN
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |8
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |1/min
 +
| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Nagegowda_2014_HMGS.png|450px|Kcat for HMGS]]
 +
| style="width: 10%;" |Gene from ''Brassica juncea'' and expressed in ''E. coli''. pH 8.5, 35"C.
 +
| style="width: 5%;" |<ref name=Nagegowda2014/>
 +
|-
 +
| 276
 +
| 12
 +
| 16
 +
| 1/min
 +
| [[File:VanNice_2013_HMGS.png|450px|Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA]]
 +
| Gene from ''H. volcanii'', expressed in ''H. volcanii''. pH 8.0, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SEM.
 +
| <ref name=VanNice2013/>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Keq for HMGS ==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+ List of Keq values for HMGS
 +
! Value
 +
! ΔG°' (kcal/mol)
 +
! Weight
 +
! Where did I get that?
 +
! Reference
 +
|-
 +
| 1.08E+07
 +
| -9.58
 +
| 1
 +
| [[File:MetaCyc_HMGS.png|450px|Keq values for HMGS]]
 +
| <ref name=MetaCycHMGS>Latendresse, M. (2013). "Computing Gibbs free energy of compounds and reactions in MetaCyc." from https://biocyc.org/PGDBConceptsGuide.shtml#gibbs.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 9.17E+02
 +
| -4.04
 +
| 5
 +
|  [[File:Equilibrator_HMGS.png|450px|Keq values for HMGS]]
 +
| <ref name=Equilibrator>E. Noor, H.S. Haraldsdóttir, R. Milo, R.M.T. Fleming (2013) Consistent Estimation of Gibbs Energy Using Component Contributions PLoS Comput Biol 9(7): e1003098 [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003098]</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
=HMGS parameter distribution properties=
 +
=References=
 +
{{Reflist}}

Latest revision as of 14:53, 14 June 2019

You can go back to main page of the kinetic model here.

Hydroxymethyl-glutaryl synthase (HMGS, EC 2.3.3.10 ) is not native to E. coli and a heterologous HMGS gene from S. cerevisiae was engineered into the cell [1].

AcetylCoA + AcetoacetylCoA \rightleftharpoons HMGcoA + coA


HMGS Parameter Values

HMGS is modelled using Bi-Bi Michaelis-Menten rate law as shown below:


V_\mathrm{HMGS} = Kcat_\mathrm{forward} * [HMGS] * \cfrac {\left ( \cfrac{[AcetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetylcoA}} * \cfrac {[AcetoacetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetoacetylcoA}} \right ) * \left ( 1 - \cfrac {[HMGcoA]*[coA]}{[AcetylcoA]*[AcetoacetylcoA]*K_\mathrm{eq}} \right )} { \left (1 + \cfrac {[AcetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetylcoA}} + \cfrac {[coA]}{Km_\mathrm{coA}} \right ) + \left ( 1+ \cfrac {[AcetoacetylcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{AcetoacetylcoA}} + \cfrac {[HMGcoA]}{Km_\mathrm{HMGcoA}} \right ) }



Km for Acetyl-CoA

List of Km values for Acetyl-CoA in HMGS reaction
Value SD or SEM Unit Weight Where did I get that? Notes Reference
43 NaN μM 8 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from Brassica juncea (indian mustard) and expressed in E. coli. pH 8.5, 35°C. [2]
14 NaN μM 64 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA pH 8.0; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [3]
18 NaN μM 64 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA pH 8.9; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [3]
15.3 NaN μM 64 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA pH 8.5, 30C, 2 cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase genes from Blatella germanica (cockroach), HMGS-1 and HMGS-2 described, HMGS-1 cloned in expression vector pSBLA1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 pLys S; intronless gene, encodes for an active enzyme able to complement , eukaryotic Mev-1 cells. Measured at 30°C, initiated by adding 0.2-0.6 microgram of protein, final volume 400 microlitre, pH 7.0- 8.5. [4]
50 μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA from chicken liver, pH 8.2, 30C, measured using spectrophometric assay. [5]
50 6 μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from H. volcanii, expressed in H. volcanii. pH 8.0, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SEM. [6]
270 NaN μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from Avian liver, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30°C [7]
290 22 μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA gene from E. coli, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SE. [8]
294 NaN μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA avian enzyme;wildtype and mutants; expression vector pET-3d, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), pH 8.2, temperature not mentioned. [9]
350 NaN μM 4 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from E. faecalis, expressed in E. coli, pH 9.8, 37C. [10]

Km for Acetoacetyl-CoA

List of Km values for Acetoacetyl-CoA
Value SD or SEM Unit Weight Where did I get that? Notes Reference
0.35 NaN μM 4 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from Gallus gallus, assay pH 8.2, 20°C. [11]
0.4 NaN μM 64 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA pH 8.0; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, kinetics measured at different pHs. Uncertainty measurement not mentioned. [3]
3.2 NaN μM 64 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA pH 8.9; 30°C, gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, kinetics measured at different pHs. Uncertainty measurement not mentioned. [3]
0.5 NaN μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA pH 8.5, 30C, 2 cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase genes from Blatella germanica, HMGS-1 and HMGs-2 described, HMGS-1 cloned in expression vector pSBLA1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 pLys S; intronless gene, encodes for an active enzyme able to complement , eukaryotic Mev-1 cells. Measured at 30°C, initiated by adding 0.2-0.6 microgram of protein, final volume 400 microlitre, pH 7.0- 8.5. [4]
0.85 naN μM 4 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Avian enzyme. wildtype and mutants; expression vector pET-3d, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), pH 8.2, temperature not mentioned. [9]
1.19 0.12 μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from E. coli, expressed in E. coli, pH 8.2, 30°C [8]
1.4 0.2 μM 16 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from H. volcanii, expressed in H. volcanii. pH 8.0, 30°C [6]
10 NaN μM 4 Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from E. faecalis, expressed in E. coli, pH 9.8, 37C. [10]

Forward Kcat for HMGS

List of forward Kcat values for HMGS
Value SD or SEM Weight Unit Where did I get that? Notes References
24.9 NaN 8 1/min Kcat for HMGS Gene from Brassica juncea and expressed in E. coli. pH 8.5, 35"C. [2]
276 12 16 1/min Km values for Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA Gene from H. volcanii, expressed in H. volcanii. pH 8.0, 30C. Uncertainty measured as SEM. [6]

Keq for HMGS

List of Keq values for HMGS
Value ΔG°' (kcal/mol) Weight Where did I get that? Reference
1.08E+07 -9.58 1 Keq values for HMGS [12]
9.17E+02 -4.04 5 Keq values for HMGS [13]

HMGS parameter distribution properties

References

Template:Reflist
  1. ↑ Alonso-Gutierrez, J., et al.(2013). "Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for limonene and perillyl alcohol production." Metabolic Engineering 19: 33-41.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nagegowda, D. A., et al. (2004). "Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase 1: expression and characterization of recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes." Biochem. J. 383: 517-527.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Middleton, B. (1972). "The kinetic mechanism of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Synthase from baker's yeast." Biochem. J. 126: 35-47.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cabano, J., et al. (1997). "Catalytic properties of recombinant 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A synthase-1 from Blatella Germanica." Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 27(6): 499-505.
  5. ↑ Reed, W. D. and M. D. Lane (1975). "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase from chicken liver." Methods in Enzymology 35: 155-160.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 VanNice, J. C., et al. (2013). "Expression in Haloferax volcanii of 3-Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A synthase facilitates isolation and characterization of the active form of a key enzyme required for polyisoprenoid cell membrane biosynthesis in halophilic archaea." Journal of Bacteriology 195(17): 3854-3862.
  7. ↑ Misra, I., et al. (1993). "Avian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 288(16): 12129-12135.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Chun, K. Y., et al. (2000). "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryk-CoA synthase: participation of invariant acidic residues in formation of the acetyl-S-enzyme reaction intermediate." Biochemistry 39: 14670-14681.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Misra, I. and H. M. Miziorko (1996). "Evidence for the interaction of avian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase histidine 264 with acetoacetyl-CoA." Biochemistry 35: 9610-9616.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sutherlin, A., et al. (2002). "Enterococcus faecalis 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, an enzyme of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 184(15): 4065-4070.
  11. ↑ Menahan, L. A., et al. (1981). "Interrelationships between 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, acetoacetyl-COA and ketogenesis." Eur. J. Biochem. 119: 287-294.
  12. ↑ Latendresse, M. (2013). "Computing Gibbs free energy of compounds and reactions in MetaCyc." from https://biocyc.org/PGDBConceptsGuide.shtml#gibbs.
  13. ↑ E. Noor, H.S. Haraldsdóttir, R. Milo, R.M.T. Fleming (2013) Consistent Estimation of Gibbs Energy Using Component Contributions PLoS Comput Biol 9(7): e1003098 [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003098]
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